First book

Nínay: Costumbres filipinas (in English, "Nínay: Filipino Customs"), is a very obscure and forgotten 1885 Spanish-language novel by the Filipino ilustrado (intellectual), polymath, author-ethnographer, and later diplomat and politician, Pedro Paterno^note though published under his second given name, Alejandro.

It was primarily composed during the midpoint of his long, 2-decade stay in Madrid, during what would turn out to be the last quarter-century of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, which began some 300 years prior.^note Paterno actually returned home to the Philippines around 1882–83—the likely prompt for him to start working on Nínay, if he hadn't begun it before his trip home.

Because Paterno was unlucky enough to escape arrest and Public Execution by the colonial government (yes, he was unluckier alive than dead), and lived long enough to see himself become a "villain" in Philippine history, since he preferred to negotiate